pH7: You're making this more difficult than it is. Basically, the problem is the same as calculating the periodic payment for an amortizing loan (or whatever it's called in english), with a constant (text, bars, frames etc) and a percentage (panel one with a fraction equal to the area of the circle divided by the area of the image etc). The third panel is recursive for only a handful of iterations (the actual scaling/re-sampling algorithm used will decide if it goes towards a black or a white dot, but it should turn white if it's any good), which means that once you've figured the number of iterations, say five, you can view the problem as having eight panels instead of three. What makes this "trivial" is that there's a more or less direct correlation between changes and effects.
If you want something more challenging, try creating a small binary file with an embedded hash of the entire file.. =P
You're clearly seeing more out of this picture than I am.
The first frame indicates the fraction of the image that is black (or is it just the frame?).
The second frame seems to indicate that if the image was printed, it would consume a certain amount of ink (no metric is given, very sloppy... good to determine the ration of ink used between the frames and little else).
The third frame indicates the dimensions of the portion of the frame that have ink, but doesn't include the text (which makes you wonder if the info given in the second and first frame include the text or not... more sloppiness). It's also seems to portray an infinite recursion of all 3 frames.
I fail to see a question in there.
If a teacher had given me a question like that in an exam (especially in a data structures and algorithm exam that have absolutely nothing to do with image processing), I would have entertained a couple of murderous thoughts involving the teacher in question.
Exams are stressful enough as they are for the students... they are not an appropriate medium for the teacher to say "I'm bored and I need to masturbate my ego" by giving some vague esoteric questions.
If you're a teacher and you're so freaking bored, stop stressing up your students with your stupidity and go write philosophy or something.