I've discovered that if you're a Mac user there is actually an official way to use retro shaders/filters with GOG.com games already!
You need a game, for example free Tyrian 2000, that is launched through
Boxer (a DOSBox front end). When starting the game you choose from the Mac menu bar at top View -> Rendering Style -> Retro (you can also try out the one called Smoove), and you're good to go! See the screenshot I've attached to this post as a proof that it works.
If you want to further tweak how this retro shader looks, right-click on the [App Name].app file and choose Show Package Contents, then go to Contents -> Resources -> Shaders, next you open the files up with your text editor.
Here are instructions how to edit this retro shader.