Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 1024 x 600, maximum 4096 x 4096
VGA1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis)
LVDS1 connected 1024x600+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 220mm x 129mm
1024x600 60.0*+ 65.0
800x600 60.3 56.2
640x480 59.9

Okay, try this (apparently, there is a lack of a standard with this *frown*)

xrandr --output LVDS1 --set "scaling mode" "Full aspect"

That worked. Thanks so much! Now is this a permanent change, or does it need to be run every time X is turned on?

LOL, why am I not surprised?

No problem, glad I could help. It's a one off command but you could either:

1) Put it in /etc/X11/Xsession
2) See if it equates to an xorg.conf setting.. e.g.

Section "Device"
Identifier "Configured Device"
Option "scaling mode" "Full aspect"
EndSection

Well some drivers are closed source which certainly doesn't help but other than that, I don't think it is something a simple "translation table" in xrandr (or a wrapper) couldn't fix.