johnnygoging: I haven't really heard anything about any confirmed incidents of the bug being used. The bug, however, is really hard to log for, so there is less chance of it being known about if it did get used against somebody.
CharlesGrey: This whole exploit/design flaw only allows attackers to read the system's memory, but it doesn't give them the ability ( at least not directly ) to make any changes to the system, correct? I mean, they can spy on people's passwords etc., but they can't erase files, or install harmful software using this technique... ? Unless they use the passwords and other data they find to gain further access to a computer system. Does that sound about right?
Pretty much. They aren't a vulnerability as a means to compromise a system, corrupt files, or execute code. However, once bad software is running on a system, they are means for that software to snoop quite effectively, even well outside of its privilege level. It could get the most secret and important of information on the computer without actually having had to have gained that level of control.
In the case of virtual machines, they could even allow a program running in one to snoop on things in another, outside of its own virtual machine. This particular effect was mainly specific to Spectre but Meltdown could work on at least one virtualization implementation.
This is mainly an enterprise threat, but when javascript on webpages can steal your passwords, it's still really bad for users.