WinterSnowfall: The EU has a telco directive which states that a person's mobile telephone number is treated as personal property and operators need to facilitate keeping the same number for an individual regardless of who he/she decides to have a contract with. So yeah, telephone numbers can be linked to persons quite easily, it all depends who's asking...
I was talking about phone ID or IMEI if you prefer.
In Russia we also have something like this, every person may request to change the mobile operator but save the phone number, operators hate this but must complain and in reality they change your number anyway, for example you had number +7 (Russia) 916 (Region code / Operator code) 123-4567 and it might be changed into +7 965 123-4567, it looks like the same number but with the code changed it's still different and all your friends and contacts will need to update it to call you (back).
And it's still fairly easy to get yourself a free or cheap SIM-card without signing a contract with mobile operator. In TV ads they say that it might put you in jail because someone might have used it previously for illegal activities, in my opinion even the free lawyer could prevent this from happening but then again government can put anyone in jail around the world (even in developed countries with freedom of speech) unless you are super important.