Does this game support this, or is it at least possible via config editing without breaking the game?

In the unlikely event that anyone in the future was still wondering: the spinoff game Nomads of Driftland has a UI/text size slider in the options menu. Unfortunately, the default text size is teeny-tiny (yet the setting's default position is maybe 1/3 to 1/4 of the way right from the far-left of the slider bar -- meaning one can still make it even smaller, for some reason!), so even cranking it all the way up only gets it to "large enough to be readable". What's more, there are some quirks if you turn it up too much -- for some reason, it affects the credits screen available from the main menu (everything is shoved toward the right side of the screen, and the ends of a lot of people's names get cut off as a result), and I think it might also be responsible for the save & load interfaces being blown up so that the buttons at the bottom go partly off the screen's edge.
I don't own the main Driftland game, but I'd guess it might have this slider, too.