vegMem: Thanks for all the helpful hints!
Just some sidenotes regarding audio/sound related issues which might just happen on some rare use cases:
tldr; the usage of a sound server like PulseAudio or Pipewire might help if black screen issues still occur after the redistributables where installed.
I still got a black screen on startup after I installed the C++ redistributables as described.
After stumbling across
https://github.com/ValveSoftware/Proton/issues/4016#issuecomment-678020441 I tried to debug with WINEDEBUG="warn+alsa" since I just use plain ALSA without PulseAudio or Pipewire.
I got the following warning in the logs:
0124:warn:alsa:alsa_open_device Unable to open PCM "plughw:0,0": -16 (Device or resource busy)
This happens with one sound card (external via USB) and with the default ALSA config.
My theory, which might be wrong or incomplete, is the following:
Wine (or the game) tries to open the ALSA default sound device, which works. But then, for whatever reason, Wine (or the game) wants to open the sound device again but now directly (via plughw), which then results in the blocking device issue since the card in already in use and the game keeps in the black screen.
After some try and error with different ALSA configuration and dmix I installed PulseAudio and the game works as expected.
I guess this game needs a sound server (like Pulseaudio or Pipewire) or maybe a more comprehensive ALSA config to handle the sound card access properly.
I just wanted to say thanks for this! I had tried everything mentioned in this thread and was going nuts trying to figure out the problem. I changed my launch script to include apulse before the wine command and it started working.
FYI for those who don't know, apulse is a little program that "substitutes" for pulse audio (i.e. make a program think that pulse is installed).