Archonsod: It automatically completes a day or two after talking to Delamain and receiving the Epistrophy quest (you should have a message from Del telling you your car has been repaired).
It ain't that simple tho. Since there are reports that you can't just wait the time out, it's not "just" the time. But it's not just completing this, or that, mission either. As many people completed the missions they've been told to complete by others and didn't get their car back.
For me, it was extremely annoying, since my car trunk stash isn't linked to my appartment stash, and I keep stuff in there - I actually like it, kind of. It's another container so I can do some sorting. Anyways, that's why it was so annoying.
In my game, it completed and gave me back my car after having completed the Delamain car hunt mission, and I was right in the middle of doing the mission in Mama Wells bar, well before I ever got the bike key from her. Just happened on my walk back to the bar from Jackie's garage.
So it didn't trigger because of mission completition. And it didn't just on ingame-time, either. I think it's a mix of both or something like that... so you can't just wait for 2 days and immediately have your car back, you gotta do shit in the meantime or something.