@everyone: Skimmed the thread... Lots of interesting posts here; thanks! I'll comment/question/reply as able throughout the night.
Brasas: So I understand you likely don't agree with "normal" welfare,
"Normal" welfare, no. But I'm willing to consider well-designed alternatives; for example, Milton Friedman (an advocate of free market capitalism) proposed a guaranteed income or "negative income tax". His book “Capitalism and Freedom” is on my short list of "books to read next".
It sounds far better than what we have now (but of course I want to read more about it before endorsing it).
Brasas: but how do you feel about emergency funding in case of stuff like large natural disasters?
I think disaster assistance (manpower, transportation, etc) is an excellent peace-time use of our military (as is border patrol - with explicit directives against lethal force of course).
Beyond that, I'd support
allowing market forces greater freedom to meet emergency needs, and of course I adore disaster relief crowdfunding efforts.
Brasas: Reserves to be kept?
I suppose the ideal for surplus funds in the treasury might be to retain them for a period (perhaps four years?) to insure against unexpected expenses, after which the funds could be refunded to the people or used for improvements to various public services/works (as voted by the legistlature or referendum)?
And as usual, I'm willing to consider compromise solutions and recognize incremental progress. For example, the
Penny Plan strikes me as a decent middle-ground attempt to reduce the debt. The plan allows for some measure of discretion in cuts; I'd prefer those cuts come first from reductions to military spending, ending the war on drugs and prostitution, ending foreign aid (as soon as possible under current treaties), and getting the government out of markets such as college education (where it is doing immense harm).
Brasas: Extraordinary debt?
Not sure what you mean? Personal debt? I think that a program of debt consolidation loans is probably a good way to help people while teaching them that they must be responsible for their financial situation.
Brasas: Or no role for the state?
I'm not an
anarcho-capitalist or pure voluntaryist, but I have strong leanings in that direction. I'd call myself a classical liberal, libertarian, or minarchist and note that I tend to be more open to compromise than some vocal proponents of those ideas. "Fiscal Responsibility, Social Tolerance", minimal coercion, decentralization of power, etc. Free people, free markets. However, I am not blind to (legit) concerns about
social justice.
This is all somewhat beside the point: What I'm asking in the OP is not whether it is just for a democracy to ask/force citizens to pay for various programs out-of-paycheck,
but whether enslaving every citizen and all of their descendants into debt for perpetuity, most probably leading to economic disaster, can possibly be just by any reasonable measure. An actual existential threat which markets are probably incapable of addressing, such as a hostile foreign army, is the only possibility which strikes me as even remotely justifiable.
Edit: Eek. That underlined bit comes on a bit strong... but I feel strongly about the issue, so I'll let it stand.