1) Does Perception DO anything for throwing?
2) What does Strength do for throwing(some sites say it increases the distance one can throw, but my character only has 8 Strength and can throw pretty far).
3) I have 20 Dexterity and I've been noticing that some NPCs are able to dodge frequently, is there anyway to combat this?
To sum up: What stats are important for the throwing skill?

1) Affects the chance to hit with all ranged weapons.
2) Nothing.
3) If you've mastered throwing, then no. The targets just have a high dodge skill.
The most important skills for throwing are Dexterity, Perception, and Throwing (obviously). None of the other skills or attributes have anything to do with it, to my knowledge.

Strength increases the damage, it's in the manual.

High strength makes throwing weapons ridiculous and perception is useless for throwing weapons once you get the master rank anyway (and not really that important at expert). For throwing the most important stats are dex, str and throw. Unless you only throw grenades then strength is useless too.

Spoilers: If your going for throw you should google how to find the aerial decapitator. It does more damage than any other throwing weapon and is magic/tech neutral. Its pretty much an easter egg and its location can't be marked on the map so your going to have to travel to the right coordinates and walk to the location yourself. You have to fight a really nasty boss with tones of hp once you get there too.

Also dodge is a percent chance to auto-ignore damage so you can't overcome it. I think the master bonus for melee cancels out the master bonus for dodge but that's only for melee attacks and only the extra master bonus (not regular dodging).

Necroposting!
Not exactly. Master Dodge has a chance to overcome Master Melee, and is Master Melee's big exception, so it's rather the opposite.
That said, yeah, it's not a throwing issue either way, is it.