This is just speculation!

I think it might have to do with her training. Magic users of the category that Triss are a part of must have some scientific knowledge. Her organization probably has more advanced tools and skills that they impart to new members. I guess what I'm trying to say is that a very small subset of people have a high level of knowledge. It's not really shared, so many people stay ignorant. Perhaps those who have read the books can give you a better answer. I wondered about this as well.

When the Kayran part came up I was like dam, she is smart for the time period. Her knowledge almost didn't seem to fit into the time period.

I agree it came across as anachronistic (if such a term can even be applied to fantasy) for Triss to be using such specific and contemporary terms like DNA. Maybe the Kayran conversation could've been written differently to have Triss expressing the same concepts but in another way that could show her universe's rather advanced understanding of biology, without tossing around language from our world's relatively recent lines of biological inquiry.

Keep in mind that the biological sciences in the Witcher games are indeed more dramatic and advanced than ours. This can be hand-waved by the presence of magical divination and magical instruments. First there's the existence of the Witchers themselves, a breed of supermen created through alchemical science.

Making a superhuman is still beyond our abilities...I hope.

In TW1 Javed uses this science combined with his own magical mustache twirling to dramatically alter human and animal physiology incredibly quickly, something our scientists would also be unable to do.

Its of course, unlikely such biological understanding could be achieved without the advent of advanced computing and engineering....

but its fantasy so.....MAGIC is the wildcard.

See, a Conjunction of the Spheres is a cataclysmic event that gets referred many, many times in The Witcher books - it basically was an event where two 'dimensions' collided, bringing magic and strange creatures into the world of men. Now this is just a speculation on my part, but from reading the books once again, I have gathered that the Witcher universe is most likely set in the future of our own world - conjunction bringing massive destruction and basically throwing us back in the middle ages, with some of our former findings and wisdom still remembered by the selected few.

I'm also going to quote you on it to send you a notification, because the word HAS TO BE SPREAD. I'm sorry, I'm just like that, don't judge me!

I've read your previous post. I've not read the books, so it's not something I can reply to...
Personally, I don't like reading a book that is translated.

Oh ok, it's all jolly good then. I'm just trying to spread the word where ever I can, because a lot of people tend to stop and ponder general language and use of wors like terrorists, genes and so on and so forth in the Witcher games, considering it bad writing/mistake on scriptwriter's part. And so I hope the more people get where those games actually draw inspiration from, the better.

Oh and as english version of The Witcher - only short strories and the first part of the novel were translated last time I've checked, and while short stories are neat, real meat of the universe lies in the novels, so... Yeah. Even if you didn't mind reading translated books, you wouldn't get to the great bits.

Still, genetics wouldn't have been the subject it is today without discovery the double helical structure of DNA.
To "see" atoms, you need X ray. To understand X-ray diffraction, you need an understanding of electromagnestism.

I enjoy the story of Witcher as a fiction, and accepts that scientific facts are not always accurate in fictional stories. I also appreciate that the author has tried to understand science and make it make sense in the story. However, I just like to moan about scientific details that got wrong (not plausible given their technology in this case). lol

Well, to be fair, to know implications of genetics you don't necessarily need to be able to examine genes themselves. When they use magical means to alternate an organism, they realize they're doing so on genetic level and that they cause mutations - they don't necessarily have to be able to study genome itself. You should realize that people were influencing genetic development of species for centuries, by, say, breeding a specialized breed of a dog - they just didn't know how it works and didn't know what to call it. If mages have this knowledge, they just know which words to apply.

Or, alternatively, if we were to take The Witcher universe as something that stands alone entirely, they could use their magic abilities to examine genome itself more closely - kinda what Szoreny said, 'IT'S MAGIC!' What I actually disliked about a lot of fantasy fiction is that they've always had access to something so much superior to technology, but nobody in any fantasy world ever thought to use it to do actual research, to try and use magic to figure out how things work - even tho curiosity is one of the most important human features. I really liked that about The Witcher, because in the books, there were mages who used magic to examine human psychical and psychological conditions, they've used magical means to figure out and eventually influence weather, lifeforms and such - hell, woman mages in The Witcher universe use magic to prettify themselves (they're often waaay beyond usual human lifespan, and for instance Triss herself has a massive scar on her face), it's just ... When you think about it, it makes much more sense this way. If people had something as powerful as magic at their disposal, I think it's reasonable to assume they wouldn't be stuck at medieval level of knowledge, don't you think?

In the Witcher world, magic and science are closely intertwined.

Sapkowski said in many interviews, that there's no such thing as "anachronic" when it comes to fantasy world that isn't set in history. Technology develops differently in diffrent parts of even our one world - Chineese people had rockets 1000s years before Europeans, Europeans had wheel 1000s years before Inca people. We shouldn't assume civilization that have access to magic would be exactly as ours in every way, or that the development of civilization need to look the same in every fantasy world.

Wizards and sorceress have good understanding of biology in TW world - in many things better than ours (they can heal cancer in humans magically, human wizards usually live 200-400 years, most of that in good condition, they are known to understand how magic abilities are inherited, so they know a lot about genes).

And why shoudn't they know so much? Magic is as good tool to gather knowledge as any tool we had before computers.

Let's say I accept that technology can evolve differently, but how they know about it is my question.
What sort of experiments did they conduct?
If magic is used, how does magic interactive with the 4 fundamental forces of the world? Or is there more than 4 forces in The Witcher's world?

We don't know. The fact that we are not told (well, there are long discussions of Kalkstein's research in TW1) does not mean that this is a mere omission. It means that we have to consider the possibility that we are not being told this for a good reason.

It's a reminder that this is NOT the real medieval world, NOR is it a related world that evolved differently.

Your question is a suitable topic for speculation. But the game world does not stand or fall by it; it stands on its own, without any need for an answer.

Well, this would bring us to a question of how does magic work, and ... Well that's never, ever a good question for a fantasy story :D

The Name of The Wind by Patrick Rothfuss did go into details on how magic in the universe works. =P (It's a good book, and I think everyone should read it.)