As far as I'm aware, no, the game never ends, you just keep playing the same scenarios (but with randomised elements each time). If you quit and try a different career path (such as element leader or sniper) the scenarios remain the same but play quite differently, so it's not one you keep on playing through - after a few scenarios as one role, it's best to start a new game and go down a different career route.
It's not really a traditional adventure game like the previous PQ games. It aims to be a simulator.